Question 1

What was one of the key limitations of the Pascaline that Leibniz went on to overcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   It could only add and subtract.
B)   It only worked with Roman numerals.
C)   It multiplied but could not divide numbers.
D)   It used a cog and gear mechanism.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Match the definition with the term.
-binary arithmetic

Accepted Answer

A)  a discipline that includes traditional mathematics as just one of many possible forms of systematic symbol manipulation
B)  a system integrating logical calculation with classical mathematics
C)  the representation of all numbers by just ones and zeroesD) All of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 3

Match the definition with the term.
-"new look" in perception

Accepted Answer

A)  a computer programming strategy that detects patterns of activity that go on throughout the whole system rather than symbols in specified locations
B)  a subdiscipline of psychology focused on the study of the important mental processes that intervene between an activating stimulus and a final adaptive response
C)  a vividly recalled (although not necessarily accurate) image of exactly where one was and what one was doing when some particularly momentous event occurred
D)  computer programming in which specified sequences of operations are performed on specified sets of symbols,both of which have been stored in specific memory locations
E)  emphasized how a variety of nonobjective factors can systematically influence the process of perceptionF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

The Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies was jointly created by whom?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jerome Bruner and George Miller
B)   Noam Chomsky and Ulric Neisser
C)   George Miller and B. F. Skinner
D)   Claude Shannon and Alan TuringE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Match the definition with the term.
-bit

Accepted Answer

A)  a technique for problem solving that limits the search space by relying on best guesses and shortcuts
B)  in general usage,the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding,and in modern psychology the processing of information between input and output
C)  proposed as a new central concept in the analysis of thinking and reasoning,based on the idea that problem solving typically begins with a first test,comparing the present situation with the desired outcome,followed by an operation to reduce the difference,and then another test
D)  simple switches that may be in either "on" or "off" states
E)  the amount of information that can be conveyed by the open or closed status of a single binary switch (one or zero) F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Which British psychologist anticipated cognitive psychology with a famous cross-cultural study of remembering?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alan Turing
B)   Noam Chomsky
C)   Ulric Neisser
D)   Frederick BartlettE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

What is the Turing test?

Accepted Answer

The "Turing test" refers to Alan Turing'...

Question 8

Match the life event with the individual.
-George Miller

Accepted Answer

A)  It is generally believed that this individual committed suicide after undergoing chemical castration as a punishment for the then crime of homosexuality.
B)  The only copy of the manuscript for this individual's The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory was barely saved after the psychology building caught on fire.
C)  This child of the poet Lord Byron had an education that deliberately avoided poetry and instead emphasized mathematics.
D)  This individual's doctoral dissertation,on the subject of masking or "jamming" voice communication,was funded by the military and declared top secret because of its potential value for disrupting German wartime communications.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Newell and Simon's incorporation of means-ends analysis in their General Problem Solver inspired psychologists George Miller,Eugene Galanter,and Karl Pribram to propose what concept?

Accepted Answer

A)   stored programs
B)   S-O-R sequences
C)   TOTE units
D)   purposive behaviorismE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

How is "cognition" best defined?

Accepted Answer

A)   the state of being conscious or aware of something
B)   the process of acquiring knowledge or understanding of something
C)   the act of evaluating the desirability of something
D)   the act of "reality testing"E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Match the invention with its creator(s) .
-Blaise Pascal

Accepted Answer

A)  a calculating machine constructed with great difficulty that could compute sums and differences of complex sequences of squared numbers
B)  a computer program that reproduced formal proofs for some of the basic theorems at the heart of symbolic logic
C)  a computer program capable of responding to different written letters or Morse code symbols via subroutines called "demons" that worked independently on separate aspects of the problem but all at the same time,and with successful combinations of activity being recorded in the computer's memory
D)  a hypothetical "universal" computer that could perform any kind of calculation on any set of symbols capable of being manipulated in the Boolean sense,according to some set of formally specifiable and self-consistent rules
E)  an early calculator consisting of a row of ten-toothed cogwheels,arranged so that each complete revolution of the wheel on the right produced a rotation of one tooth in the wheel to its leftF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Claude Shannon's famous master's thesis made the case for what?

Accepted Answer

A)   that genuine computer "creativity" is impossible
B)   that patterns of relay circuits in "off" or "on" positions could be used to represent information in binary code
C)   that computers could potentially be made much smaller by using transistors
D)   that certain kinds of mathematical equations can never be solved by machinesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

George Miller's original research interests in psychology centered on what subject?

Accepted Answer

A)   speech and communication
B)   memory
C)   sensation and perception
D)   brain physiologyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Neisser's conception of cognitive psychology,as presented in his original textbook of that name,particularly emphasized which of the following topics?

Accepted Answer

A)   information processing
B)   computer science
C)   Gestalt psychology
D)   artificial intelligenceE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

George Miller's early exposure to __________ proved to be a turning point in his career.

Accepted Answer

A)   B. F. Skinner's theory of verbal learning
B)   Claude Shannon's information theory
C)   George Boole's symbolic logic
D)   the principles of Gestalt psychologyE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following was NOT true about the so-called "cognitive revolution"?

Accepted Answer

A)   It adopted concepts from computer science in theorizing about internal cognitive processes.
B)   It was seen as "revolutionary" more by behavioristic experimental psychologists than by some other types of psychologist.
C)   Its focus on "inner" and "mental" processes was something completely new to psychological theorists.
D)   It proposed "information processing" as one of its major concepts.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which future development did Leibniz correctly predict that would later lie at the heart of artificial intelligence technology?

Accepted Answer

A)   that binary arithmetic could be used for digital calculators and computers
B)   that a machine might be developed with the capacity to solve problems in logic
C)   the general idea for a "stored program"
D)   the concept of parallel processingE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Alan Turing did all of the following EXCEPT for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   propose a test for determining if a calculating machine was "intelligent"
B)   conceive of an architecture for a universal calculating machine
C)   help break German codes during World War II
D)   receive high honors from the British government for his wartime contributionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts were important for their promotion of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   the conception of the brain as a "neural network" of interconnected binary switches
B)   the use of computers as codebreaking devices
C)   the concept of strong artificial intelligence
D)   the use of transistors in computing devicesE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

What was the analytical engine?

Accepted Answer

The analytical engine was Charles Babbag...

Exam 15: Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Newell and Simon's incorporation of means-ends analysis in their General Problem Solver inspired psychologists George Miller,Eugene Galanter,and Karl Pribram to propose what concept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the invention with its creator(s) . -Blaise Pascal

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Match the definition with the term. -"new look" in perception

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Match the life event with the individual. -George Miller

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Which British psychologist anticipated cognitive psychology with a famous cross-cultural study of remembering?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alan Turing did all of the following EXCEPT for which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was NOT true about the so-called "cognitive revolution"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the analytical engine?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe analytical engine was Charles Babbag...View AnswerShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -binary arithmetic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts were important for their promotion of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the definition with the term. -bit

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the Turing test?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe "Turing test" refers to Alan Turing'...View AnswerShow Answer

How is "cognition" best defined?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which future development did Leibniz correctly predict that would later lie at the heart of artificial intelligence technology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neisser's conception of cognitive psychology,as presented in his original textbook of that name,particularly emphasized which of the following topics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George Miller's original research interests in psychology centered on what subject?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies was jointly created by whom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George Miller's early exposure to __________ proved to be a turning point in his career.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Claude Shannon's famous master's thesis made the case for what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was one of the key limitations of the Pascaline that Leibniz went on to overcome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The analytical engine was Charles Babbag...
View Answer

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The "Turing test" refers to Alan Turing'...
View Answer

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