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Exam 4: Socialization

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Question 51

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According to psychologist Sigmund Freud,human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality.The______________,or conscience,consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) libido

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 52

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There is serious concern the the most recent economic recession will affect how much optimism that______________families feel about the power of hard work to achieve the American Dream.

A) working-class
B) middle-class
C) upper-class
D) elite-class

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Question 53

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______________ includes direct statements regarding race,modeling behavior (where a child imitates the behavior of a parent or other caretaker) ,and indirect activities such as exposure to specific objects,contexts,and environments that represent one's racial/ethnic group.

______________ is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self- identity and the physical,mental,and social skills needed for survival in society.

According to a sociological perspective,we cannot form a sense of self or personal identity without intense social contact with others.The self represents the sum total of perception and feelings that an individual has of being a distinct,unique person-a sense of who and what one is.

Generally,studies have found that quality day-care and preschool programs have a:

When a parent finds out about a new style of music from his/her children,it is known as .

______________ are the persons,groups,or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

Currently,about______________percent of all U.S.preschool children are in day care,either in private homes or institutional settings,and this percentage continues to climb.

According to Freud,human development occurs in two stages: the "I" and the "me".

______________ is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior and asserts that nature is a major factor.

According to psychologist Carol Gilligan,women are socialized to make moral decisions based on a justice perspective,whereas men are socialized to make such decisions on a care and responsibility perspective.

Explain the key components of the human development theories of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead,and evaluate the contribution of each to our understanding of the socialization process.

Children in low-income families may be unintentionally socialized to believe that acquiring an education and aspiring to lofty ambitions are pointless because of existing economic conditions in the family.This is an example of which theoretical perspective's view of family?

According to Sigmund Freud,the______________is the rational,reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of individuals.

Based on his findings presented with moral development,psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg identified the conventional level (age ten through adulthood)as the stage in which people are most concerned with how they are perceived by their peers and how one conforms to rules.

Mead divided the self into three parts: the id,ego,and superego.

Psychologist Jean Piaget believed that,in each stage of human development (from birth to adolescence) ,children's activities are governed by their:

Evil behavior is that which is likely to be punished;good conduct is based on obedience and avoidance of unwanted consequences.This thinking is representative of which of Kohlberg's moral levels?

In kindergarten,teachers typically have a "naptime" when children are expected to get their blankets,lie down,and rest.Some children might respond that they aren't sleepy,but are told that "naptime" takes place at a certain time and all members of the class are expected to respond appropriately.This exemplifies the: